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Main areas of research I have three main areas of research, and a number or recent interests, as follows.Medical/Surgical simulation. This entails research on both anatomical and therapy models, featuring innovations in medical image segmentation, surface and volume meshing, and ontological modeling.Emphasis on neurological and orthopedic surgery. Objectives are a broadly usable interactive neurosurgery simulation for resident training and predictive orthopedic surgery simulation.Anatomical modeling involves minimally supervised Segmentation and Meshing, where segmentation emphasizes digital atlases and deformable models, both surface and contour-based. Meshing spans all types of discretization, which varies according to anatomy: volumetric structures benefit from minimally supervised, controlled-resolution variational tetrahedral meshing, while curviplanar structures exploit discrete surface models and curvilinear structures are identified/discretized by discrete 3D contour models.Therapy and functional models address both predictive and interactive simulation, e.g.: haptics-driven meshless cutting and functional physiology models (pilot-centered flight simulation).Musculoskeletal simulation based on OpenSim and personalized anatomical models. Application to geriatric subject modeling (detection of impending fall). Ontological modeling centers on a high-level workflow representation of surgical procedures, particularly neurosurgery, organized according to canonical approaches: pterional, transnasal, etc. These ontological models have implications in terms what to simulate and represent in detail for surgical planning and navigation.Also a nascent interest on bimanual glove haptics-driven obstetrics simulation. Surgery planning. Any anatomical modeling technique developed for simulation can also be applied to surgery planning for image-guided surgery (IGS). We strive for segmentation methods more descriptive than what is available currently, especially in commercial IGS products. This is particularly true of skull base anatomy: cranial nerves, brainstem, etc. Medical device (e.g. surgical robotics) facilitation: use of simulation and planning for medical devices. Geriatric airbag development for fall injury mitigation: both garment and smart room-based. Collaboration with EVMS Geriatrics and Gerontology (H. Okhravi MD), San Diego State University (C. Paolini PhD and M. Sarkar PhD) and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts (A. Ilnicki MFA). MRI and ultrasound-guided navigation for surgical robotic assistant for minimally invasive breast tumor resection. Collaboration with surgeon Eric Feliberti MD FACS of Eastern Virginia Medical School Dept. of Surgery and Krishna Kaipa PhD of ODU Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.