Relationship Between Time-in-Range and Hemoglobin A1c in Patients with Diabetes in Pregnancy

Poster #: 096
Session/Time: A
Author: Jillian Wakefield Jetmore, BS
Mentor: Marwan Ma'ayeh, MD
Research Type: Clinical Research

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
This study evaluates the relationship between blood glucose time-in-range (TIR) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in pregnant individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) or Gestational Diabetes (GDM).

METHODS:
Retrospective study of pregnant individuals with T2DM or GDM who were monitored with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). CGM data was analyzed from the 4 weeks preceding a scheduled HbA1c measurement. TIR was defined as the percentage of time with a blood glucose in the 60-140mg/dL range. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the association between TIR and HbA1c of <6.5%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of TIR alone versus a model including both TIR and diabetes type in predicting the subsequent HbA1c <6.5%.

RESULTS:
156 individuals were included: 129 with T2DM and 27 with GDM. There was a negative correlation between HbA1c and the TIR value in the preceding 4 weeks (r = -0.67, p<0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression, both a higher TIR (aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.19-6.00; p=0.018) and a diagnosis of T2DM (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.74; p=0.023) were independently associated with a HbA1c <6.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) for TIR alone in predicting HbA1c <6.5% was 0.793 (95% CI: 0.723-0.864). The addition of diabetes type to the model resulted in a marginal, non-significant improvement in the AUC to 0.803 (95% CI: 0.736-0.870), which may be due to relatively lower number of GDM pregnancies in the cohort where TIR is better at predicting normal HbA1c. TIR >70% had a sensitivity of 86.4% and a specificity of 100% in GDM and a sensitivity of 69.7% and a specificity of 71.4% in T2DM for predicting a subsequent HbA1c <6.5%.

CONCLUSION:
In pregnant individuals with T2DM or GDM, HbA1c is strongly correlated with TIR values in the prior 4 weeks. Our results confirm that TIR is as appropriate measure of glycemic control and that a 70% threshold is a valid target. TIR is also an independent predictor of achieving glycemic control as measured by HbA1c and may be obviate the need for HbA1c assessment.