If you find yourself reaching for allergy medication only when symptoms become unbearable, you’re not alone. But according to experts, that common approach may be one of the biggest reasons many people continue to struggle through allergy season.
“Patients often wait until their symptoms are severe before starting treatment,” said Kent Lam, MD, an allergy specialist with Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences EVMS Medical Group at Old Dominion University. “In many cases, allergy medications work best when they’re used proactively, not just reactively.”
The Most Common Mistake: Waiting Too Long
Seasonal allergies are driven by predictable environmental triggers, like rising pollen levels in the spring and fall. Yet many people don’t begin treatment until symptoms, such as congestion, sneezing and itchy eyes, are already in full force.
Starting medications earlier, before pollen counts peak, can help prevent the inflammatory response that causes those symptoms in the first place.
“These medications can serve a preventative role,” Dr. Lam said. “They’re not just for treating symptoms after they start.”
Not All Allergy Medications Are the Same
With so many over-the-counter options available, it’s easy to assume they all work the same way. But choosing the right medication, and using it correctly, matters.
Dr. Lam recommends second-generation antihistamines, such as loratadine, cetirizine and fexofenadine, for most patients. These options are less likely to cause drowsiness compared to older, first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine.
“Some of the older medications can make patients feel sedated,” he said. “That can interfere with daily activities, including driving and work.”
Nasal steroid sprays are another effective option and are generally safe for consistent use. These medications help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages, addressing the underlying cause of many allergy symptoms.
The Hidden Risks of Decongestants
While decongestants can provide quick relief, they are not designed for long-term use.
Oral decongestants can raise blood pressure, increase heart rate and cause restlessness when used regularly. Topical decongestant sprays, while effective in the short term, can lead to a condition known as “rebound congestion.”
Rebound congestion occurs when the nasal passages become even more congested after the medication wears off, leading to a cycle of repeated use and worsening symptoms.
“For that reason, these sprays should not be used for more than three to five consecutive days,” Dr. Lam said.
When to Stop Self-Treating
For many people, over-the-counter medications are enough to manage mild allergy symptoms. But if symptoms persist or worsen, it may be time to seek medical evaluation.
“Allergy symptoms can sometimes overlap with other conditions, such as chronic sinusitis or reflux,” Dr. Lam said. “A proper evaluation helps ensure we’re treating the right issue.”
Specialists can also offer allergy testing to identify specific triggers and, in some cases, recommend immunotherapy, such as allergy shots, to provide longer-term relief.
A Smarter Approach to Allergy Season
As allergy seasons grow longer and more intense, taking a proactive and informed approach to treatment is more important than ever.
Using the right medications at the right time, and understanding their limitations, can make a significant difference in symptom control and overall quality of life.
“With the right strategy, patients don’t have to suffer through allergy season,” Dr. Lam said. “We have effective tools, we just need to use them correctly.”
To learn more about the latest medications and personalized care options to help you navigate allergy season, schedule an appointment with Dr. Lam or any of the providers at Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences EVMS Medical Group at Old Dominion University Ear, Nose & Throat. Visit our website or call 757-388-6200 to make an appointment.
