Abstract
Introduction
The mammary gland microenvironment is dynamic, undergoing structural and biochemical changes throughout development and adult life. These changes aid in the regulation of ductal luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cell fate and the organization required for normal tissue development and function [2]. Recent studies have further demonstrated that the surrounding microenvironment can influence cellular fate and differentiation [1]. However, current *in vitro* models remain limited in reproducing both the biochemical composition and organized tissue architecture of the mammary gland.
Methods
To address this limitation, we developed a biomimetic mammary model that integrates tissue-derived extracellular cues with spatial control of cellular organization. We combine mammary-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with precision 3D bioprinting to provide a biochemical and structural microenvironment for the formation and organization of mammary organoids. Here, we investigate how the biochemical and structural properties of the microenvironment influence mammary cell phenotype, organization, and the formation of bilayer tissue structures. Cellular organization and phenotype are evaluated throughout organoid development to determine how closely these structures represent characteristics of native mammary tissue.
Results
Prior studies have established culture conditions supporting mammary cell viability and phenotype in 2D culture, as well as aggregation and three-dimensional organization in organoid culture. Current studies incorporate these cellular populations within the engineered microenvironment using 3D bioprinting and evaluate their capacity to develop organized mammary tissue structures.
Conclusion
Here, we aim to establish a biomimetic mammary organoid model that combines biochemical and spatial control of tissue organization. Reproducible luminal–myoepithelial organization could provide a model for studying mammary gland development and later examining hormonal and disease-associated changes within the tissue microenvironment.