Robert Ratzlaff

202G MILLS GODWIN BLDG
NORFOLK, 23529

Ph.D. in Microbiology, University of South Dakota, (1982)

B.S. in Biology, University of South Dakota, (1978)

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Ratzlaff, R. E., Butler IV, M. J., Shields, J. and Cooper, R. A. "Disease Dynamics in Degraded Nurseries: Ecology of Viral Disease in a Social, Marine Animal" $575,000. Federal. 2005 - 2008
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Faulconer, E. K. "Evaluation of rabbit antisera to detect the lobster virus, Panulirus argus virus 1." $5,000. 2007 - 2007
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Laramore, S. "Pre-proposal; The role of environment and viral stressors on the declining abundance of the Caribbean spiny lobster in the Florida Keys" $130,000. State. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Butler IV, M. J., Cooper, R. A., Horth, L., Shields, J. and Brown, J. "Collaborative Research: Disease dynamics in degraded marine habitats: the ecology of a viral disease in lobster" $1,731,885. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Butler IV, M. J., Shields, J., Cooper, R. A. and Lightner, D. "Collaborative Proposal: Disease Dynamics in Degraded Nurseries: Ecology of Viral Disease in a Social, Marine Animal" $1,970,768. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Shields, J., Cooper, R. A. and Butler IV, M. J. "Development and refinement of diagnostic tools for a pathogenic virus in the caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus" $291,125. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. "The behavioral and ecological effects of viral disease in Caribbean Spiny Lobster" $269,643. Federal. 2002 - 2004
Ratzlaff, R. E., Shields, J. and Butler IV, M. J. "Epidemiological studies on spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, infected with a pathogenic herpes-like virus" $142,474. Federal. 2002 - 2003
Ratzlaff, R. E. "The Neurogenic Component of Cutaneous Allergic Reactions in Mice" $10,000. State. 2001 - 2002
Ratzlaff, R. E., Butler IV, M. J. and Shields, J. "An emerging and lethal viral disease infecting spiny lobster: potential fishery impacts and role in disease epidemiology" $213,590. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Butler, C. M. "Ecological and fishery impacts of a spiny lobster viral disease" $134,715. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Hernkind, W. F., Butler IV, M. J. and Shields, J. D. "The ecological and fishery effects of a newly discovered viral disease infecting spiny lobster" $204,852. State. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Liuzzi, F. J. "The Neurogenic Component of Cutaneous Allergic Reactions in Mice" $15,000. State. 2000 - 2001
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Liuzzi, F. J. "The Neurogenic Component of Cutaneous Allergic Reactions in Mice" $20,000. State. 1998 - 1999
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Wieck-Hopkins, D. "IgE Fc receptors and initiation of the neurogenic component of allergy" $1,000. Old Dominion University. 1997 - 1997
Ratzlaff, R. E. "The Neurogenic Component of Allergy" $6,000. Old Dominion University. 1997 - 1997
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Sonenshine, D. E. "Ecology and epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis in Virginia" $291,884. Federal. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Sonenshine, D. E. "Studies to determine the tick vector species responsible for transmission of Lyme disease spirochete in the Southern United States" $59,870. Federal. 1993 - 1993
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Immunologic evaluation of acute and persistent ectopic gestation" $5,000. Federal. 1992 - 1993
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Sonenshine, D. E. "Studies to determine the tick vector species responsible for transmission of Lyme disease spirochete in the Southern United States" $55,490. Federal. 1992 - 1992
Ratzlaff, R. E., Kreider, R. B., Coleman, F., Dowling, E., Redondo, D., Sechrist, S. R., Somma, C. T. and Williams, M. H. "Effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal, hematological and immune status throughout a collegiate swim season" $85,000. Other. 1991 - 1992
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Immunologic evaluation of acute and persistent ectopic gestation" $31,697. Federal. 1991 - 1992
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Olinger, G. "Characterization of protein 39 of the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi" $1,000. Old Dominion University. 1991 - 1991
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Sonenshine, D. E. "Studies to determine the tick vector species responsible for transmission of Lyme disease spirochete in the Southern United States" $55,460. Federal. 1991 - 1991
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Nonspecific and specific immune responses in females with successful versus failed outpatient antibiotic therapy for primary stage-one pelvic inflammatory disease" $31,447. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Sonenshine, D. E. "Studies to determine the tick vector species responsible for transmission of Lyme disease spirochete in the Southern United States" $180,260. Federal. 1990 - 1990
Ratzlaff, R. E., Sonenshine, D. E. and Pachner, A. R. "Development of a Lyme disease skin test" $75,000. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Measurement of histocompatibility molecules on cryosuppressed saphenous veins" $2,621. State. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Use of an immunoassay for the detection of toxicants that modulate humoral immunity in fish" $40,750. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Savitzky, A. H. and Wolfinbarger, L. "Venom gland tissue culture project" $7,430. Old Dominion University. 1989 - 1989
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Gordon, A. S. "Copper induced protein excretion by marine bacteria: Biological control of copper ion activity in seawater" $292,086. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of fish immunoglobulin" $575. 1988 - 1988
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Cellular and molecular events that initiate the expression of cutaneous immune reactions" $2,700. Old Dominion University. 1987 - 1987
Ratzlaff, R. E., Wolfinbarger, L., Alden, R. W., Gordon, A. S., Osgood, C. J., Stevens, R. and Yuan, J. "Center for environmental biotechnology" $3,340,286. -
Ratzlaff, R. E. "Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of vascular leakage in inflamed skin" $4,743. Old Dominion University. -
Ratzlaff, R. E., Osgood, C. J. and Stevens, R. "Laboratory instruction in cellular and molecular biology" $72,122. Federal. -

Articles

Zimmerman-Downs, J. M., Shuman, D., Stull, S. C. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (2010). Bisphenol A blood and saliva levels prior to and after dental sealant placement in Adults. Journal of Dental Hygiene 84 (3) , pp. 145-150.
Li, C., Shields, J. D., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Butler IV, M. J. (2008). Pathology and hematology of the Caribbean spiny lobster experimentally infected with Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1). Virus Research 132 , pp. 104-113.
Montgomery-Fullerton, M. M., Cooper, R. A., Kauffman, K. M., Shields, J. D. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (2007). Detection of Panulirus argus Virus 1 in Caribbean spiny lobsters. Dis Aquat Org 76 , pp. 1-6.
Li, C., Shields, J. D., Small, H. J., Reece, K. S., Hartwig, C. L., Cooper, R. A. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (2006). Detection of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) in the Caribbean spiny lobster using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 72 , pp. 185-192.
Li, C., Shields, J. D., Small, H. J., Reece, K. S., Hartwig, C. L., Cooper, R. A. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (2006). Diagnosis of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) in th Caribbean spiny lobster using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 72 , pp. 185-192.
Ceraul, S. M., Sonenshine, D. E., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Hynes, W. L. (2003). An arthropod defensin expressed by the hemocytes of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 33 , pp. 1099-1103.
Geba, G. P., Ptak, W., Anderson, G. A., Paliwal, V., Ratzlaff, R. E., Levin, J. and Askenase, P. W. (1996). Delayed-type hypersensitivity in mast cell deficient mice: dependence on platelets for expression of contact sensitivity. Journal of Immunology 157 , pp. 557-565.
Nasser, T. A., Hansen, K. A. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (1996). Differential effects of plasma from normal and ectopic gestation on lymphocyte proliferation. Early Pregnancy: Biology and Medicine 2 , pp. 23-28.
Hansen, K. A., Nasser, T., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Stock, R. J. (1996). Persistent ecyesis as a result of peritoneal trophoblastic implants following radical and conservative surgery for ectopic pregnancy. Journal of Pelvic Surgery 2 , pp. 92-94.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Askenase, P. W., Geba, G. P., Levin, J., Anderson, G. M., Ushio, H., Ptak, W. and Matsuda, H. (1995). A role for platelet release of seratonin in initiation of contact sensitivity. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 107 , pp. 145-147.
Sonenshine, D. E., Ratzlaff, R. E., Troyer, J., Demmerle, S., Demmerle, E. R., Austin, W. E., Tan, S., Annis, B. A. and Jenkins, S. (1995). Borrelia burgdorferi in eastern Virginia: Comparison between a coastal and indland locality. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 53 , pp. 123-133.
Miller, G. W., Liuzzi, F. J. and Ratzlaff, R. E. (1995). Involvement of an axonal reflex in IgE-mediated inflammation in mouse skin. Journal of Neuroimmunology 57 , pp. 137-141.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Cavanaugh, V. J., Miller, G. W. and Oakes, S. G. (1992). Evidence of a neurogenic component during IgE-mediated inflammation in mouse skin. Journal of Neuroimmunology 41 , pp. 89-96.
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Wikel, S. K. (1990). Murine immune responses and immunization against Polyplax serrata (Anoplura: Polyplacidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 27 , pp. 1002-1007.
van Loveren, H., Ratzlaff, R. E., Kato, K., Meade, R., Ferguesson, T., Iverson, G. M. and Janeway, C. A. (1986). Immune serum from mice contact sensitized with picryl chloride contains an antigen-specific T cell factor that transfers immediate cutaneous reactivity. European Journal of Immunology 16 , pp. 1203-1208.
Kops, S. K., Ratzlaff, R. E., Meade, R., Iverson, G. M. and Askenase, P. W. (1986). Interaction of antigen-specific T cell factors with unique "receptors" on the surface of mast cells: Demonstration in vitro by an indirect resetting technique. Journal of Immunology 136 , pp. 4515-4524.
van Loveren, H., Kato, K., Ratzlaff, R. E., Meade, R., Ptak, W. and Askenase, P. W. (1984). Use of micrometers and calipers to measure various components of delayed-type hypersensitivity ear swelling reactions in mice. Journal of Immunological Methods 67 , pp. 311-319.

Presentations

Butler IV, M. J., Behringer, D. C., Dolan, T. W., Shields, J. D. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2008). Dynamics and Ecological Relevancy of a Viral Disease in Caribbean Spiny Lobster 11th International Coral Reef Symposium Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
Faulconer, E. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2008). Immunological attempts to detect Panulirus argus virus 1 in spiny lobsters leading to the development of an ELISA for a high school science curriculum Experimental Biology 2008 San Diego, CA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Montgomery-Fullerton, M. M., Todd, M., Newcomb, B., Brown, J., Shields, J. D. and Cooper, R. A. ( 2007). Isolation and characterization of Panulirus argus virus 1 from the Caribbean spiny lobster 32nd Eastern Fish Health Workshop Gettysburg, PA.
Li, C., Shields, J. D., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Butler IV, M. J. ( 2007). Histopathology and hemolymph chemistry of PaV1 infections in the Caribbean spiny lobster 8th International Lobster Conference Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
Downs, J. M., Stull, D., Stull, S. S. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2007). Bisphenol A Blood and Saliva Levels Prior To and After Dental Sealant Placement in Adults: An Exploratory Study New Orleans, LA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2006). "Neuroimmune networks: Humans to intertebrates" Comparative Immunology class Gloucester Point, VA.
Fullerton, M. M., Todd, S. M. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2005). Ongoing efforts to develop a diagnostic PCR for PaV1, a pathogenic virus of the Caribbean spiny lobster Annual Meeting of American Society for Microbiology, Virginia Branch Virginia Beach, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2005). Characterization of spiny lobster virus, PaV1 Norfolk, VA.
Butler IV, M. J., Shields, J. D., Behringer, D. C. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2005). A pathogenic viral disease in spiny lobster: Disease dynamics, transmission, and ecological relevancy symposium: Diseases in Crustacea International Crustacean Congress Glasgow, Scotland.
Shields, J. D., Ratzlaff, R. E., Behringer, D. and Butler IV, M. J. ( 2005). Pathology of PaV1 virus in Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus International Crustacean Congress Glasgow, Scotland.
Li, C., Shields, J. D., Small, H. J., Reece, K. S., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Cooper, R. A. ( 2005). Development of a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for diagnosis of PaV1 in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus Sixth International Crustacean Congress Glasgow, Scotland.
Shields, J. D., Ratzlaff, R. E., Behringer, D. C. and Butler IV, M. J. ( 2005). Pathology of PaV1 virus in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Sixth International Crustacean Congress Glasgow, Scotland.
Behringer, D. C., Butler IV, M. J., Shields, J. D. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2004). Behavioral alterations in response to a viral pathogen in the Caribbean spiny lobster 7th International Lobster Conference and Workshop Hobart, Tasmania.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2004). A pathogenic herpes virus in the Caribbean spiny lobster Cancer Biology and Virology Focal Group Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Hartwig, C. L., Cooper, R. A., Hynes, W. L. and Shields, J. D. ( 2004). A pathogenic herpes-like virus from the Caribbean spiny lobster Experimental Biology Meeting 2004 Washington, DC.
Butler IV, M. J., Behringer, D. C., Shields, J. D. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2004). A pathogenic viral disease in spiny lobster: disease dynamics, transmission, and ecological relevancy Marine Benthic Ecology Meeting Mobile, AL.
Hartwig, C. L., Cooper, R. A., Hynes, W. L. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2003). Detection of a pathogenic herpes-like virus from the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (HLV-PA) using a nested PCR approach Charlottesville, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2003). Characterization of a pathogenic herpes virus in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health seminar series Gloucester Point, VA.
Behringer, D. C., Butler, M. J., Shields, J. D. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2003). A lethal viral disease infecting juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster in the Florida Keys Florida Keys Lobster Workshop Key West, FL.
Ceraul, S. M., Sonenshine, D. E., Hynes, W. L. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2003). An arthropod defensin expressed by the hemocytes of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) Tropical Medicine and Hygeine Annual Meeting Philadelphia, PA.
Hartwig, C. and Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 2003). Characterization of a pathogenic herpes-like virus from the Caribbean spiny lobster Virginia Academy of Sciences conference Charlottesville, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1996). How your immune system works Mornings with the Professor Spring Series-Center for Professional Training & Academic Development Norfolk, VA.
Sonenshine, D. E., Ratzlaff, R. E. and Jenkins, S. ( 1994). Contrasting Lyme borreliosis ecology in different localities in eastern Virginia Abstracts of the VI International Conference of Lyme Borreliosis (P060W) Bologna, Italy.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1993). Borrelia burdorferi in Virginia 2nd Annual Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority and hosted by North Carolina State University .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Troyer, J. M. and Olinger, G. ( 1993). The infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi is related to P39 distribution Abstracts of the 93rd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology D-166 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Hansen, K. A., Nasser, T. A. and Austin, M. ( 1993). A preliminary evaluation of maternal immune function in acute and persistent ectopic gestation Academic Research Competition Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Troyer, J., Demmerle, E., Demmerle, S. and Sonenshine, D. E. ( 1992). Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from feral house mice captured in Virginia Abstracts of the 92nd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology page 470, No. C298 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Bertun, E., Kreider, R., Edwards, J., Redondo, D., Dowling, E., Miriel, V., Williams, M., Somma, T., Sechrist, S., Coleman, F. and Gentry, J. ( 1992). Effects of amino acid & carnitine supplementation during swim training on immune status I: Lymphocyte subpopulations Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 24:4S1 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Kreider, R., Bertun, E., Edwards, J., Redondo, D., Dowling, E., Miriel, V., Williams, M., Somma, T., Sechrist, S., Coleman, F. and Gentry, J. ( 1992). Effects of amino acid & carnitine supplementation during swim training on immune status II: Response to mitogen stimulation Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 24:4S1 .
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1992). A role for neural elements in IgE-mediated inflammation Neuroscience seminar Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1992). Neurotransmitters in EgE-mediated inflammation Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Sonenshine, D. E., Troyer, J., Demerlee, E., Demerlee, S., Jenkins, S., Piesman, J., Maupin, G. and Ruprecht, C. ( 1992). Lyme Borreliosis on the eastern shore of Virginia, USA V International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis Program and Abstracts page A48, No. 280 .
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1991). Research opportunities at ODU, and member of a panel discussion First Annual Research Symposium on Clinical Investigation and Research Portsmouth, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Cavanaugh, V. J. and Butler IV, M. J. ( 1990). Evidence of a neurogenic component during IgE-induced inflammation .
Ratzlaff, R. E. and Cavanaugh, V. J. ( 1989). A method to quantitate vascular permeability to endogenous albumin during cutaneous inflammation .
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1988). Tick-induced inflammation Department of Chemistry Seminar Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1987). Psycho-immune responses Beta, Biological Honor Society Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E. ( 1987). A T cell factor with IgE-like activity in murine contact dermatitis Microbiology & Immunology Seminar Norfolk, VA.
Ratzlaff, R. E., Meade, R. and Askenase, P. W. ( 1984). An immune aggregate mechanism in mast cell activation by an antigen-binding T cell factor Federation Proceedings 43:1626 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Kops, S. K. and Askenase, P. W. ( 1984). Mast cell rosettes mediated by an antigen-specific T-cell factor Federation Proceedings 43:1973 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Lynn, R. J. and Wikel, S. K. ( 1983). Murine responses to louse infestation by Polyplax serrata (Anoplura) Federation Proceedings 42:851 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Lynn, R. j. and Wikel, S. K. ( 1982). Induction of resistance to Polyplax serrata infestation in Cox/Swiss mice Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 82:E42 .
Ratzlaff, R. E., Lynn, R. J. and Wikel, S. K. ( 1981). Diverse responses to Polyplax serrata infestation expressed by C3H/HeSN mice Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 81:63 .