Reformation

ad fontes! - back to the sources
humanists

Aristotle
Greek
Byzantium/Constantinople/Istambul, 1453

Religious reform - Papacy
Council of Constance (1415)
Great Schism (1378-1415) - conciliarism - infallibility
indulgence
pilgrimage

Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Erfurt - Wittenberg
Rome - Sistine Chapel - St. Peter's Basilica

commentaries
Peter Lombard, Sentences
Peter Abelard, Sic et non

Printing Press (ca. 1460) - J. Gutenberg/Mainz

Bible
  • Pentateuch
  • Psalter
  • Prophets
  • Gospels
  • Epistles

Erasmus, Greek New Testament (1516)
Printing press - J. Gutenberg, ca. 1460
sola scriptura! - by Scripture alone
95 Theses (Oct. 31, 1517)

ad fontes > sola scriptura
salvation
justification by faith alone
Arminian (J. Arminius, 1614)

Magisterial Reformation (Lutherans, Calvinists)
Radical Reformation (Anabaptists)

Marburg Colloquy, 1529
Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli (Zurich)
John Calvin (Geneva)
Transsubstantiation
idolatry
heresy

Coronation Oath
1. Protect subjects in body and property
2. Defend the church and Christian doctrine
tyrant

Huguenot
Calvinism
martyr

regent
Catherine de Medici
Admiral Coligny

Guise (Lorraine, Catholic) Valois (ruling dynasty) Bourbon (peers, Huguenot)
Duke of Guise Henry II (d. 1559) Henry of Navarre
Cardinal of Lorraine Francis II (d. 1560) Duke of Condé
  Charles IX (d. 1574)  
  Henry III (d. 1589)  

French Wars of Religion (1562-1594)
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (Aug. 24, 1572)