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Cynthia Jones is named Va. Professor of the Year Cynthia Jones, professor of ocean, earth and atmospheric sciences, was honored Nov. 17 as the 2004 Virginia Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) during a ceremony in Washington, D.C. She joins Karen Polonko, professor of sociology and criminal justice, and Robert Lee Kernell, professor emeritus of physics, as the third ODU faculty member to receive this honor. Dr. Jones is a scholar of national reputation and representative of the outstanding faculty we have throughout the commonwealth of Virginia, said Gov. Mark R. Warner. As the 2003 Virginia Scientist of the Year, Dr. Jones and her research contributions and teaching excellence at Old Dominion University are well known to me. She is an invaluable member of the academic community. The purpose of the awards program is to recognize the most outstanding undergraduate instructors in the country. This year there were winners in 47 states chosen from a group of nearly 400 of the nations top professors. Jones, an eminent scholar and director of the Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology, joined Old Dominion in 1986. In addition to teaching and advising students in five courses, she is an international pioneer in fisheries ecology. She developed new techniques to accurately determine the age of fish by studying their ear bones, or otoliths, which have daily and annual rings similar to trees. She also pioneered a chemical analysis technique that can determine where a particular fish was hatched and what waters it has inhabited since. Because of her work, scientists can now identify essential fish habitats and determine which ones provide better living conditions. A Fulbright scholar, Jones is a member of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission, and the first fisheries scientist to serve on the commission in its 125-year history. She was named one of Virginias Outstanding Scientists of 2003 by Gov. Warner. She recently received a nearly $200,000 Virginia Sea Grant to work on a project titled How Essential Fish Habitat Influences Population Structure for Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, with Special Emphasis on Chesapeake Bay. CASE established the Professors of the Year program in 1981 and the Carnegie Foundation became a co-sponsor a year later. Back to top
The ceremony, which begins at 1:30 p.m., will recognize graduates from the universitys six academic colleges: Arts and Letters, Business and Public Administration, Education, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences and Sciences. The 69th governor of Virginia, Warner was inaugurated in January 2002. During his term, he has launched comprehensive state government reforms and implemented innovative, low-cost programs to increase student achievement and accountability in public schools through his Education for a Lifetime initiative. Six ODU graduates will be recognized as outstanding scholars at commencement. At a luncheon Dec. 18, the Alumni Association presented them Outstanding Scholar Awards, given to the student with the highest grade point average in each college. Also recognized at the luncheon were the ODU faculty members who most inspired the students. The top scholars and their inspirational faculty members are:
Shops opening soon in University Village BY CINDY MACKEY The ODU Real Estate Foundation has announced that the first three leases have been executed at The Shops at University Village. Boars Nest Bar Bistro, Port City Java and Perfectly Frank are the first of many anticipated restaurants and shops to lease space in the 75-acre mixed-use development behind the Ted Constant Convocation Center. These first three leases, together with a university fitness center and ODUs public safety office, occupy space within the 50,000 square feet of ground-level retail space on Monarch Way. New student apartments opened in 2003 and 2004 on the upper floors. This residential/retail development a $55 million investment by the Real Estate Foundation is the first private investment in The University Village. When fully developed, investment in the University Village is expected to exceed $260 million. Master development plans for the urban village include restaurants, shops, residential, office and research facilities, a city-owned golf course and hotel on land surrounding and adjacent to the campus. The spectacular growth of Old Dominion University is making a significant contribution to Norfolks growing reputation as one of the most vibrant and exciting communities in the United States, Norfolk Mayor Paul Fraim said following the announcement. Robert L. Fenning, vice president for administration and finance, noted, Were thrilled to welcome these new tenants to the neighborhood. Owner Don Rockwell describes Boars Nest Bar Bistro as an Old World delicatessen meets wine and martini bar. The bar is constructed with 200-year old French oak wine barrels, and the floors are imported Italian tile. The restaurant, which comprises 1,650 square feet, is slated to open for lunch and dinner in the next few weeks, and could open as early as Dec. 17. Rockwell, an ODU graduate and Larch-mont resident, also owns Cobia Grill on Tazewell Street in Norfolk, along with business partner Sean Killmon. Port City Java, the Wilmington, N.C. based café and coffeehouse, will open its second Virginia location. Local owner and operator Robert Loomis said, The Uni-versity Village restaurant will offer a destination environment with a variety of seating with couches and chairs, a conference table and fireplace as well as free wireless Internet. In addition to coffee drinks, Port City Java will offer panini and wrap sandwiches, 100 percent-fruit smoothies, soups and salads. It is the first restaurant venture for Loomis and his business partners Jon Pruden and Peter Pruden. The restaurant, occupying 1,850 square feet, is scheduled to open in early January. Tara and Joseph Sciortino of Famous Uncle Als in Chesapeake have teamed up with David Savino and Jeremy Sciancalepore to bring Perfectly Frank, an upscale hot dog emporium, to the Village. The 1,591-square-foot restaurant will open in February, offering Boars Head hot dogs, sandwiches and desserts for in-house dining or take out. Weve been looking forward to the opening of The Shops at University Village for quite a while, says Deborah K. Stearns, chair of the Real Estate Foundation. This represents the culmination of years of planning to establish a unique shopping and entertainment district that the entire region can enjoy. Chris Hucke from S.L. Nusbaum negotiated the leases on behalf of the foundation. John Duffy with Thalhimer/Insignia represented Perfectly Frank. The foundation is working in conjunction with the city of Norfolk and Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority on the University Village development. Back to top
The simulation will place you in the shoes of a person or family in poverty, said Geri Jones, campus minister for the Catholic Campus Ministry. The program is sponsored by Student Services, the Office of Community Relations and the University Chaplains Association. Registration is free but limited to 75 people. To register, call Jones at 440-9065 or register online at www.odu.edu/webroot/orgs/AO/Poverty.nsf/registration?OpenForm. Back to top
Martin Mikulas, professor emeritus of the University of Colorado, and John Samuels, senior vice president of operations planning and support at Norfolk Southern Corp., will become the first NAE members on the ODU faculty. Baysal called the appointments another testimonial for the colleges exciting developments in research and industrial partnering. Mikulas holds nine patents and is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Before teaching at Colora-do, he held several positions at NASA, including head of the space station structures design team, structural concepts branch, and the structural mechanics branch. Before joining Norfolk Southern in 1998, Samuels spent nearly two decades at Conrail, where he quickly climbed the ranks from director of industrial engineering to vice president of operating assets. Prior to that, he was on the faculty of Pennsylvania State University and held positions at General Motors Corp. The National Academy of Engineering is a private, independent research institution that serves as an adviser to the federal government. Election to the NAE is among the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer. Back to top Model U.N. students win awards at conference Several ODU Model United Nations students won awards at the 38th annual University of Pennsylvania Model U.N. Conference Nov. 10-13 in Philadelphia. Valerie Sprouse and Mohammed Khatib received Outstanding Delegate awards representing Mexico in the Model U.N. General Assembly Special Political and Decoloniza-tion Committee. Sprouse is a freshman political science major. Khatib is a sophomore. Claire Wulf, a graduate student in international studies, received the Honorable Delegate Award representing Mexico in the U.N. General Assembly Legal Committee. Brian Rinaldo and Chris Grandi, graduate students in international studies, received Honorable Mention, respectively, for representing Poland in the European Council and the Minister of Border Affairs in a simulation of the Afghan Cabinet. Other institutions at the conference included Harvard, Yale, Georgetown and the U.S. Naval Academy.
WorldQuest, a copyrighted offering of the World Affairs Councils of America, has a long history of success in cities throughout the United States. In more than 30 cities annually, teams from local high schools compete to test their knowledge of current affairs, world leaders, geography, recent history, flags and other subjects of global importance. ODUs faculty team included John P. Broderick, Chandra de Silva, Daya de Silva, Chris Drake, Maria Fornella, John Heyl, Steve Johnson and Timothy Kidd. Back to top
In announcing the award for the Constant Center, the judges said: A winner inside and outside, the center integrates well into the overall master plan and provides a civic presence. It corresponds to its adjacent surroundings and strongly connects to the campus. The Constant Center was designed by Moseley Architects and built by S.B. Ballard Construction Co. Back to top
The school district approached ODU about teaching a dual-enrollment section of Linear Algebra (MATH 316U) for the highest-performing math students in its high schools. These are students who have taken BC calculus and passed with a score of 3 or higher the AP Calculus BC examination as juniors. As seniors, they can take Linear Algebra this spring. The course will be offered at the Virginia Beach Higher Education Center after school and will be taught by longtime ODU adjunct faculty member Frank Carroll, a retired faculty member from Ohio State University. They were looking for a citywide solution, said Sara L. Marchello, director of ODUs Virginia Beach Higher Education Center. Its a class we already teach. We now offer it centrally for the whole city. Students from 11 different high schools can come to one spot to take the class. The class will run from January to May. Back to top
This biblical saga of Joseph and his coat of many colors is set to a cornucopia of musical styles, from country-western and calypso to bubble-gum pop and rock n roll. Randy Strawderman directs the production. Performances are 8 p.m. Dec. 14-18 and 2 p.m. Dec. 19. Tickets are $8 to $12 (reserved seating) and may be charged by phone at 683-5549. Back to top
Horst Stormer, a 1998 Noble Prize winner and professor of physics at Columbia University, will be the keynote speaker. Registration forms and more information can be found at www.odu.edu/ao/research. Back to top
In nominating Harris for the award, program director Renee Olander said Harris is skilled at creating PMCEs for others positive, memorable, customer experiences. Olander added, Sheila is truly on the front line. She does an outstanding job of fielding phone calls and walk-in inquiries. On a daily basis, Ms. Harris interacts very responsively to 40 or 60 students. Over the years, countless students have commented about her consistent helpfulness. She is always courteous and professional during her many interactions with students, faculty, staff and external customers. Harris initially joined the office as a temporary employee on Aug. 9, 2000, and was hired as a full-time administrative and office specialist III less than two months later. She received three days of recognition leave, a plaque and a $500 recognition bonus. Also nominated for the Customer Relations Employee of the Year award were: Harry Boucicaut, Distance Learning; Jane Carlson, Distance Learning; Katrina Davenport, College of Business and Public Administration; Tim Hendrickson, Office of Computing and Communications Services (OCCS); John Inwood, OCCS; Joanne Johnson, Facilities Management; Thomas McGrath, OCCS; Elizabeth Newberry, Human Resources; Freda Smith, Finance Office; Terry Watts, OCCS; Delores White, Finance Office; and Cynthia Williams, Career Management Center. Back to top
With our focus on distance education opportunities coupled with a challenging curriculum, outstanding faculty and research excellence, students receive a first-rate and practical education through ODUs Batten College of Engineering and Technology, said Oktay Baysal, engineering dean. In a recent issue examining e-learning, the news magazine surveyed 1,000 institutions to compile a detailed list of 332 graduate-level, e-learning programs in business, education, engineering, library science, nursing and public health. It then named the top five largest programs in each field measured by enrollment. The Frank Batten College of Engineering and Technology boasted the largest program, enrolling 1,499 students in the fall of 2003. Rounding out the top five and their enrollment figures were: New Jersey Institute of Technology, 831; University of Southern California, 751; Florida Institute of Technology, 566; and Virginia Tech, 441. Baysal said the programs success can be traced to the focus on distance learning by the university as a whole and to a number of unique programs that the college offers, such as the masters of engineering management degree that is available via CD-ROM to U.S. Navy nuclear officers. The unique CD-ROM program, launched in 2000, enrolls more than 600 Navy personnel. Coupled with Old Dominions program granting 12 credits toward engineering masters degree programs to graduates of the Navys Officer Nuclear Power School, the CD-ROM program allows personnel to complete a masters in about two years.
Pickett, who is retiring at the end of this month, has advanced from assistant to associate to full professor; moved from cramped studio space beneath Foreman Field to newer digs in the Studio Art Building on 47th Street; and experienced the activist energy of the 1960s to the somewhat more conservative student body of today. Although Pickett, 70, is leaving his full-time role as instructor of sculpture, 3-D design, design applications and honors art, he plans to teach the occasional class. He will also continue working on his many sculpture projects, including a commissioned work for the Sandler Building at the new Jewish Community Center off Witchduck Road in Virginia Beach. Picketts most visible work, a towering, 10-foot-tall stainless steel structure and the first sculpture ever commissioned by the city of Norfolk, is located inside Chrysler Hall. Others can be found outside Old Dominions Kaufman Hall, the ODU presidents house, and the Virginia Beach Central Library. Yet another, titled Seat of Wisdom, is outside Bishop Sullivan Catholic High School in Virginia Beach. Vic has been a member of the art department almost since its inception. A popular instructor and a committed modernist, he has taught several generations of students about sculpture and three-dimensional forms, including the relationship between solids and voids, the structural properties of materials, and the unlimited possibilities of surface textures, said Robert Wojtowicz, department chair. He has enriched the university and the department, creatively and personally, over the course of a 40-year career. At least initially, Pickett said he and his wife, Elizabeth Leeor, an adjunct instructor at the university, will remain in Norfolk. Pickett has three grown daughters, two of whom are ODU graduates. When I first came here, I didnt plan on staying this long, he said. The generosity of the administration for the faculty ... made it very easy to be here. Respect for the work of the art department made it easy to stay. It became a mutual thing. Pickett, who earned his bachelors degree in product design from North Carolina State University and masters in sculpture from East Carolina University, said that seeing and enjoying the way students change and how they learn has been fun. Back to top
USA Today honors outstanding students annually by naming its All-USA College Academic Team. The 10 students selected to the All-USA First Team will be pictured in the newspaper and receive a $2,500 cash award. Forty runners-up will be named to the Second and Third teams and will receive certificates of achievement and have their names in the newspaper. Winners will be announced in February. Sharkey, who is majoring in interdisciplinary studies/teacher preparation, plans on becoming an elementary-school teacher when she graduates in May 2006. She has been a mainstay of ODUs Habitat for Humanity work. Gordon majors in English and technical writing and plans a career in law and public service when she graduates in 2006. She is a third-year field hockey player for the perennially successful Lady Monarchs squad and pioneered a campus security task force. Both Kristine Gonzalez, a 1999 ODU graduate from Suffolk, and Rosemarie Liu, a 2002 graduate from Burke, Va., were named to the competitions Third Team in the last four years. Linda K. Wolfe, a 2003 graduate, received Honorable Mention honors in last years contest. Back to top
Activities will take place throughout the 2005-06 academic year, starting with an event to mark the schools first day of classes 75 yeas after the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary opened its doors on Sept. 12, 1930. The planning committee, chaired by John R. Broderick, vice president for institutional ad-vancement and chief of staff, includes: Brandon Boyles, Student Government Association; Debbie Byrne, Athletics; Paul Champagne, Business Management; Claire Geiger Ackiss, Alumni Relations; Steve Daniel, University Relations; Jim English, Community and Environmental Health; Maria Ferguson, University Marketing; Velvet Grant-Johnson, Development; David Hager, Academic Affairs; Paul Heine, Darden College of Education; David Loope, Presidents Office; Terri Mathews, Undergraduate Initiatives; Donna Meeks, Administration and Finance; Jennifer Mullen, Media Relations; Polly Newlon, Research; Virginia OHerron, University Libraries; Donald Stansberry, Student Activities and Leadership; Cecelia Tucker, Community Relations; Linda Vahala, Electrical and Computer Engineering; and Dennis Zeisler, Music. Back to top
A 1971 graduate of MSU with a doctoral degree in composition, Hailstork is among the most prominent and prolific living African American composers. He has an international reputation as a composer of numerous symphonic works, operas, concertos, chamber ensemble works, duos, pieces for winds and organ, and solo works for piano. His early compositions include Celebration, recorded by the Detroit Symphony in 1976, and American Guernica in 1983. His compositions have been prominently featured by many leading orchestras in the United States, including the Detroit, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Chicago symphonies, the Grand Rapids Symphony and the New York Philharmonic. His compositions are described as rich documentations that portray various aspects of American life, including the African American experience. Current commissions include a consortium commission for a Violin Concerto, Crispus Attucks, and a new large-scale choral work for James Conlon and the 2005 Cincinnati May Festival. He also is working on commissioned works for the American Guild of Organists and the Houston Choral Society. Hailstork, who began his musical career at an early age with the encouragement of his mother while the family was living in New York, has received numerous awards for his work, including the Virginia Cultural Laureate Award in 1992, the Outstanding Faculty Award in Virginia in 1994 and the Governors Award for the Arts in 2000.
The drive helps numerous families in the Hampton Roads area and teaches the children at the Child Study Center about giving. The children take an active role in the project by decorating and wrapping many of the gifts. Items may be dropped off in a box located inside the entrance to the Child Study Center through Dec. 14. For more information call 683-5465. Back to top
Free and open to the public, Exhibitionists 3 includes prints by Heather Bryant and Erin Cross; paintings by Mike Smigiel, Roland Salvanera and Mike Gombas; installation and mixed media work by Amy Repak and Rob Wetherington; and works on paper by Anna Freeman. The University Gallery, located at 350 W. 21st St., Norfolk, is open noon to 3 p.m. Tuesday through Thursday; noon to 5 p.m. Friday and Saturday; and 1-4 p.m. Sunday. For more information call 683-2355 or go to www.odu.edu/al/art/gallery. Back to top
The following are excerpts from the nominees personal statements, which were part of the nomination materials. William H. Crouch The students we see today come from very diverse backgrounds. Understanding this and appreciating the different social, cultural, economic and even religious perspectives allows me to present the material in a challenging manner and still show respect for differing opinions and values. Undue confusion can occur when these differences are not taken into account. Several years ago, after discussing probability using a deck of cards and a pair of dice for illustration, my class was consistently giving correct answers to my questions, such as what is the probability of selecting a heart from a deck. The students would respond vigorously with one in four. Only after class did an international student timidly approach me and ask a very revealing question. She wanted to know what an ace was. I was left to assume there were numerous other relationships that she also found puzzling. Gary R. Edgerton Film and television are now topics of intense study around the country, and the development of communication as a discipline has been nothing short of revolutionary over the last generation. As someone who has been swept up in this improbable growth spurt at four very different institutions, I know how lucky I am to have found a career that has challenged and fulfilled so many parts of my personality as a nurturing teacher, creative scholar and administrative leader on the local and national levels, literally affording me the opportunity to spread the good news that media literacy can equip us all with an ever surer sense of who we are, what we value and where we might be heading in the future. Cynthia M. Jones I believe that if I can instill my love of science in my students, I will share one of lifes greatest gifts. This is especially important for students in groups that are underrepresented in science. For this reason, I have committed myself to financially support student research and have developed special programs in the sciences for minorities. ... I also understand that I am a role model for young scientists. This affects everything I do with students: the ethics I practice and how I behave as much as what I say. On being faced with an ethical dilemma, a former student wrote: While at sea ... I encountered a co-worker falsifying data to minimize her workload. I was taught the importance of integrity and responsible recordkeeping as part of my training with Dr. Jones. I reported the co-worker to my superiors. ... If we dont represent our research with facts, then public trust is lost. The word science becomes science fiction ... . I couldnt have said it better. Katharine C. Kersey I believe that my greatest gift is in the ability to transmit my passion for children to others. Student comments through the years have assured me that many of them have caught my love for children and are dedicating their lives to the same goal that of making the world a better place for children. ... I used to say that I wanted to be a missionary when I grew up. I was raised in a ministers family where I heard every day that I needed to make the best use of my talents. At times I struggled with the notion that I had not accepted that challenge and worried that I may have missed my calling. Today I realize that I have been given the opportunity to use my talents here and didnt have to go to a foreign mission field to be a missionary for children. I hope I have made the world a better place for children and for the parents and teachers who take on the responsibility for helping them to find their place in this troubling world. James C. Oleson Attitude is crucial. Enthusiasm is infectious. An uninspired professor who is not interested in his subject matter will almost certainly find it difficult to interest anyone else in the material. Accordingly, I approach my courses with a sense of excitement. I could be employed elsewhere, and probably could be making a lot of money, but I just so happen to think that the study of crime and the law is the most exciting thing in the world. And I try to impart that sense of urgency to my students. Ill describe my own modes background, admit that education changed my life and invite them to take the same bold step. Once I have their attention and their enthusiasm, I try to give them the basics of the course as painlessly as I can. Michael Pearson The study of writing and literature and the profession of teaching are acts of faith and signs of our instinctive hopefulness. Writing and reading literature is a testament to the deep human need to communicate through metaphor and narrative. Literature allows us to hear someone elses voice, to enter someone elses experience. Especially in these times of terror and violence and polarization, literature a tool that can create understanding and empathy and compassion is more important than it ever has been. We need to step outside of our experience and enter that of others. We need to hear the stories of people from other cultures so that, ultimately, we see not races or creeds or stereotypical enemies but individuals. The teaching of creative writing and the study of literature can assist us in exploding stereotypes and help us to see with clarity and compassion. Sharon Raver-Lampman I know this sounds corny and unfashionable, but I love teaching. I love writing, serving on journal boards and conducting research. I see it as my responsibility to strive to be an outstanding teacher. My years of classroom teaching have left me with a profound sense that those studying to be special educators have an almost sacred commitment. All educators do, of course, but special educators have an additional responsibility because they often enter a familys life in a time of crisis. The work special educators do literally changes lives. I see it every day. ... In short, I am crazy about teaching. Teaching allows me to be who I am at my best. I believe how I teach my students is as important as what I teach them. ... Teaching feeds my soul. Zia Razzaq It is exceedingly important to prepare each lecture with great care and with particular emphasis given to the proper sequence of topics and subtopics. In this regard, I remind my students of a saying by a famous astronomer who once taught at the California Institute of Technology: A complexity is nothing more than a disarrangement of simplicities. A professors job is not just passing on a lot of facts; it must also involve a continuous and evolving search for the optimal sequence for presenting the bullets of knowledge. Furthermore, lectures should be given with enthusiasm. Eye contact is crucial. A two-way dialogue on at least some of the issues is also necessary for active student participation. Occasional humor relevant to the topic can also help the students absorb the material better. Donald J. Zeigler I sometimes say I was born a geographer, but really I was 12 when I made the connection. In Mr. Evans 7th grade geography class, all of a sudden the world came into focus. I finally understood why I enjoyed drawing those maps so much in elementary school; why names (like Shamokin and Wilkes-Barre, which my father said a lot) appealed to my ears; and why I loved planning the village under the Christmas tree even more than running the train around the track. ... I want students in Virginias classrooms to have the same awakening to the world that I experienced in 7th grade. ... In fact, that is just what I want to happen to my students at ODU. I want them to wake up one morning and see a larger world than the one they knew the day before. And, I want them to see geography as a discipline that can connect them to that world, the planets ecological and cultural diversity, and opportunities that only the geographically discerning eye can see. Back to top
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Experts discuss preventing missile technology spread ... if he reduces the deficit and deals with the countrys long-term energy needs, he will be well on the road to success. (An op-ed piece by James V. Koch, president emeritus) Two major economic issues confront Bush: deficit, energy Militarily, the guys who are buying are poor and theyre insurgents and theyre just going to buy AK-47s. Theyd be foolish not to. (Aaron Karp, senior professor of international studies) Swords into vodka: Kalashnikov, a legendary symbol of the declining small-arms trade, Its so nasty to think about now, but its so cheap. It has to be the No. 1 food kids eat. (Marvin L. Lamb, a junior University Village resident assistant, recalling his penchant for eating boiled ramen noodles freshman year) Dinner a la dorm Saving the coral reefs is the equivalent to trying to save the rain forest. (Mark Butler, professor of biological sciences) X-43A flight is a chance for scientists to reminisce When people are traveling during the holidays ... there are increased odds of minds tending to wander. Fatigue increases, and so do distractions, like listening to books on tape, talking on the cell phone and talking to passengers. (Bryan Porter, associate professor of psychology) Holiday via highway My job is not to publish. It is not to concern myself with how many copies of a book I sell, or whether anyone wants to make a movie about it, or what the reviewers from The New York Times say. My job is simply to do the writing. (Sheri Reynolds, associate professor of English) Reynolds lectures on ups, downs of writing I believe its important for American students to meet international students and get to understand different nations and cultures. They can still do that with the numbers we have here. (Roseann Runte, president) Foreign student enrollment drops We could learn enough from surface operations on the moon to risk the lives of those astronauts that wed like to send to other planets. If we use the moon properly, a failure on the moon ... you bring it back and fix it. On Mars, its a potentially fatal problem. (Robert Ash, professor of aerospace engineering) Mining on Mars seen as key to exploration
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